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Circular Saws: An Introduction

A circular saw is a power tool used for cutting a variety of materials, including wood, metal, plastic, and masonry. It features a toothed or abrasive disc or blade that spins around an arbor, allowing it to cut through materials with speed and precision. We will be concentrating on the wood cutting variants here and circular saws are commonly used in woodworking and construction.

Types of circular saw

Handheld circular saw

  • Most common type.
  • Portable and versatile, used for cutting wood, metal, and plastic.
  • Blade size typically ranges from 5.5” to 7.25” in diameter.
  • Electric-powered, with both corded and cordless models available.
Circular saw tool with yellow handle
Handheld circular saw

Table saw

  • Stationary version of a circular saw.
  • Mounted on a table, allowing for greater control and precision.
  • Ideal for ripping long boards and making precise cuts.
Yellow table saw on white background
Table saw

Miter saw

  • Mounted circular saw designed for making precise angled cuts.
  • Often used for trim work, moulding, and framing.
Electric mitre saw for precise wood cutting
Miter saw

Track saw

  • A circular saw mounted on a track or guide rail.
  • Provides straight, accurate cuts, often used for large sheets of plywood.
Person operating a circular saw on wood.
Track saw

Circular saw blades

The blade is a crucial component of the circular saw, and choosing the right blade is essential for the task at hand.

Blade material

Carbide-tipped blades:

  • Durable and long-lasting.
  • Ideal for cutting wood, plywood, and other materials.
Close-up of a circular saw blade
Carbide-tipped blade

High-speed steel (HSS) blades

  • More affordable.
  • Suitable for cutting softer materials like wood.
Circular saw blade
High-speed (HSS) blade

Blade Types and Tooth Configurations

Ripping blades

  • Designed for cutting along the grain of the wood.
  • Fewer teeth (typically 14-24), allowing for faster cuts.

Crosscut blades

  • Used for cutting across the grain of the wood.
  • More teeth (typically 60-80), resulting in a smoother finish.

Combination blades

  • Versatile and can be used for both ripping and crosscutting.
  • Typically have around 40-50 teeth.
Close-up of circular saw blades.
A selection of circular saw blade types for ripping and crosscutting

Safety tips for using a circular saw

  • Wear protective gear: Always use safety goggles, gloves, and hearing protection.
  • Check the blade: Ensure the blade is sharp, clean, and suitable for the material being cut.
  • Secure the material: Make sure the material is clamped or secured to prevent movement.
  • Maintain a steady grip: Hold the saw firmly with both hands and keep the base plate flat against the material.
  • Watch for kickback: Be aware of potential kickback, especially when cutting hardwoods or using dull blades.
Carpenter working with table saw in workshop
Always wear protective gear

Further reading

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